The Beginner's Latin Exercises. Verbs. Formation of the Passive Voice.
I. Present-Stem Tenses of the Indicative and Conjunctive Moods.
The Passive Voice in these Moods and Tenses may be derived from the corresponding parts of the Active Voice; thus:
- 1st Person. — Change final -o into -or, and final -m or -s into -r.
- 2nd Person. — Change final -s into -ris in the Singular, and -tis into --mini in the Plural.
- 3nd Person. — Add -ur.
Note. — If the 3nd Person Singular ends in -is, then is must be changed into -eris; thus, amabis becomes amaberis, monebis becomes moneberis, and regis becomes regeris. These are the only instances.
The Verb Amo is here given in illustration of these rules.
INDICATIVE
Present (Active, Passive)
- 1s. am -o, am -or
- 2s. am -as, am -aris
- 3s. am -at, am -atur
- 1p. am -amus, am -amur
- 2p. am -atis, am -amini
- 3p. am -ant, am -antur
Imperfect (Active, Passive)
- 1s. am -abam, am -abar
- 2s. am -abas, am -abaris
- 3s. am -abat, am -abatur
- 1p. am -abamus, am -abamur
- 2p. am -abatis, am -abamini
- 3p. am -abant, am -abantur
Future (Active, Passive)
- 1s. am -abo, am -abor
- 2s. am -abis, am -aberis
- 3s. am -abit, am -abitur
- 1p. am -abimus, am -abimur
- 2p. am -abitis, am -abimini
- 3p. am -abunt, am -abuntur
CONJUNCTIVE
Present (Active, Passive)
- 1s. am -em, am -er
- 2s. am -es, am -eris
- 3s. am -et, am -etur
- 1p. am -emus, am -emur
- 2p. am -etis, am -emini
- 3p. am -ent, am -entur
II. Perfect Tenses of the Indicative and Conjunctive.
These Tenses in the Passive Voice are composed of the Perfect Participle and the Verb Sum. This Participle is declined like bonus, and agrees with its Substantive in Number, Gender, and Case; thus:
Singular
- Puer laudatus est, the boy has been praised.
- Puella laudata est, the girl has been praised.
- Opus laudatum est, the work has been praised.
Plural
- Pueri laudati sunt, the boys have been praised.
- Puellae laudatae sunt, the girls have been praised.
- Opera laudata sunt, the things have been praised.
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CREDITS
C.Sherwill Dawe, The Beginner's Latin Exercises Book, 1880, Rivington, Waterloo Place, London; read the book on archive.org.
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